Formal Writing

Are Pitt Bulls a vicious breed?

Pit Bulls are a breed of dog that was originally bred to bite and attack other large animals, but does that really make them vicious dogs? The history, look and personality traits of Pit Bulls form people's opinion on them, but also how the dog was brought up and what experiences people have had with them.

Pit Bulls have a bad reputation because of what they were originally bred for back in the early 1800s. However the dog turns out is entirely up to the owner and how they have raised the dog. In some cases, Pit Bulls are bought to make their owner seem tougher. Some owners train their dogs to be vicious, which is entirely the wrong reason to buy the Pit Bull breed and doesn't help with the judgment the dogs already have against them. Pit Bulls were bred to have a lot of aggression, a high pain tolerance and a willingness to fight to the death, however they were not trained to attack humans. It is understandable why people are so quick to assume that every Pit Bull they come across is vicious because of their history and the bad reputation they have.

People judge the dog by its look. When we see a Pit Bull with a muzzle we are automatically wired to think that the dog must be vicious because of how the breed is portrayed in the media. In the UK the Dangerous Dog Act (DDA) states that anyone who owns a “ type of dog known as a Pit Bull Terrier” must have it neutered, keep it muzzled and on a leash in public. These dogs should not be made to wear muzzles if they aren't vicious dogs. If a non-vicious Pit Bull Terrier has been made to wear a muzzle, they are automatically portrayed as dangerous although they may not be, which is unfair to the owners and the dogs.

The personality traits of a Pit Bull are affectionate, intelligent, obedient, loyal, courageous, friendly, strong-willed, clownish and stubborn. With personality traits like these, it makes us wonder why Pit Bulls have the highest dog attack statistics in America. Statistics like these are understandable if the dog ends up in the wrong hands but if the Pit Bull is in a warm loving home they are known to be some of the sweetest dogs. The problem with the statistics lies with the owners who have trained the dogs and not the actual dog breed itself.

In conclusion the history, look and personality traits of a Pit Bull form people's opinion on the breed. The statement that Pit Bulls are vicious dogs, it is incorrect and it comes back on how the dog was raised and how the media only portrays their bad side.

Compare and contrast Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde with The Invisible Man

The Invisible man vs Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde 

These two books have very similar themes 

The Invisible man is about a scientist named Griffin Who researches optics and discovers a way to make himself Invisible but unfortunately becoming invisible actually destroys his life, turning him against mankind, and turns evil.

Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde id about a doctor who discovers a way to split his personality into two distinct human beings: the rational, intellectual side and the physical, desire- driven side. Hyde isn't considered evil but did evil things. 

Acid and Bases Reaction

How to make a salt using Metals, insoluble carbonates 

Aim: To produce copper sulfate salts by reacting copper oxide with an acid.

Equipment: 

• Copper oxide powder 
• Dilute 1.0 mol sulfuric acid   
• 50ml measuring cylinder 
• Two 100ml beakers 
• Bunsen Burner 
• tripod 
• gauze mat 
• funnel 
• filter paper 
• thermometer spatula 
• evaporating basin 
• stirring rod 

Method: 

1. Add 20ml of sulfuric acid to a 100ml beaker. Heat the acid until it reaches 70 degrees. Turn off your Bunsen burner. Do not boil acid. 
2. Once Heated use a spatula to add pea size portions of copper oxide to the beaker. Stir the mixture for 30 seconds.
3. Repeat step 2 until no more will dissolve. Allow the beaker to cool. 
4. Fold the filter paper and place it in the funnel. Place the filter funnel into the second beaker 
5. Make sure the beaker is cool enough to hold at the top. The contents should still be hot. You may need your teacher to complete this steep.
6. Gently swirl the contents of the beaker to mix, and then pour into the filter paper in the funnel. Allow to filter through.
7. Rinse the beaker you used to heat the mixture previously, and place it back on top of your tripod filled with 50-60 ml of water. 
8. Place the evaporating basin on top of this beaker and carefully pour some of the solution form the other beaker into the evaporating basin. 
9. Gently heat the beaker until the solution in the evaporating basin has reduced by half. 
10. Leave the evaporating basin to cool. Once cool, move the evaporating basin to a warm place where it will not be disturbed and observe over the next few days. 

Observation: 

Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Comprehension Questions

Chapter 5 “Incident of The Letter”

1. What does Jekyll say in response to Utterson’s inquiry regarding Hyde’s whereabouts? Jekyll swears he will never sit eyes on him again and that he done with him in this world.

2. Why does Jekyll want Utterson to have the letter? Jekyll wants him to have it as he is unsure what to do with it himself.

3. Who is it from and what does it say? The letter is from Mr Hyde and its says the Jekyll shouldn't worry about his safety because Mr Hyde has means of escape that he trusted.

4.  How can Poole be so positive that no messenger delivered the letter? He is positive because he is the one that received the letter and no one delivered it and Dr Jekyll only received circulars that day.

5. Who is Mr. Guest?

Mr Utterson's head clerk.

6. Utterson says, “There was no man from whom he kept fewer secrets than Mr. Guest; and he was not always sure that he kept as many as he meant.” What does this mean about the relationship between Guest and Utterson? That they had a close relationship and told each other almost everything, but utterson didn't trust him completely.

7. What special ability does Guest have? Mr guest is a great student and a critic of handwriting.

8. How does Guest have an opportunity to compare the handwriting of Jekyll and Hyde?

Mr Utterson shows him the letter from Mr Hyde and a note from Mr Jekyll to compere.

Chapter 6 “Remarkable Incident of Dr. Lanyon”

1. Utterson feels that the death of Sir Danvers was more than paid for by what? The disappearance of Mr Hyde.

2. How does Dr. Jekyll behave at the time of Hyde’s supposed disappearance? He starts hanging out with his friends again and he is at peace he back to being happy.

3. Between the days of January 8 and January 16 what change has occurred in Dr. Lanyon? Utterson senses that Lanyon is not dying from a physical decay but says he a victim of deep seated terror. His visible appearance has changed as he knows jekylls secret.

4. What reason does Lanyon give for his current condition? He claims he has had a shock.

5. What does Lanyon say in response to Utterson’s mention of Jekyll? He says to never speak of him again.

6. What type of document does Utterson receive the night of Lanyon’s funeral? A envelope saying not to open until the death of Dr Jekyll.

7. What instructions are given on the second document? Not to open till the disappearance of Dr Jekyll.

8. What does Utterson do with the two documents? Puts them away in the back of his safe.

Science

Experiment 1     Investigating the effects of temperature on reaction rates

Aim: I want to investigate hoe temperature effects the reaction rate.

Equipment:

• Conical Flask
• Beaker
• Measuring Cylinder
• Stopwatch
• Black cross on paper 
• Water Bath 
• Thermometer
• 0.1mol/L sodium thiosulfate 
• 1.0mol/L hydrochloric acid ( HCL ) 

Method: 

1. Put X on paper on the bench mat, and put the conical flask on top of paper 
2. Measure 50 ml of sodium thiosulfate solution and put it into beaker. 
3. Record the temperature of the sodium thiosulfate.
4. Measure 5 ml of HCL and pour this into the conical flask. 
5. Pour the thiosulfate into the conical flask start the stopwatch and swirl the flask, time how long it takes for the cross to disappear when viewed from above i.e look down from the mouth of the  conical flask.
6. Wash flask thoroughly.
7. Repeat the experiment using a water bath to heat the sodium thiosulfate to 30 degrees 40 degrees and 50 degrees keep the volume of acid the same each time. 

Results 

• room temp 28 seconds 
• 30 degrees 50 seconds 
• 40 degrees 19 seconds 
• 50 degrees 18 seconds 

Conclusion: A chemical reaction is when two reactants collide, they have to collide with enough force to and the correct orientation. As we made the temperature hotter it gave the reactants more kinetic energy so they moved faster. The faster the reactants move the higher chance of a successful reaction to occur in a lesser time. 

Experiment 2  Investigating the effect of concentration on reaction rate

Aim: I want to investigate hoe concentration effects the reaction rate.

Equipment: 

• A conical flask 
• measuring cylinder 
• stopwatch
• black cross on paper 
• 0.2mol/l sodium thiosulfate 
• 1.0mol/l of hydrochloric acid 

Method: Put the piece of paper with the X on the bench and put the conical flask on it.

1. Measure 10mL of Sodium Thiosulfate and put it into the conical flask.
2. Measure 40mL of Water and put it into the conical flask. Swirl to mix.
3. Measure 5mL of HCl.
4. Pour the Sodium Thiosulfate into the conical flask, start the timer and swirl the flask.
5. Stop timing when the you can't see the cross on the paper.
6. Wash out the flask thoroughly.
7. Repeat experiment 20mL of Sodium Thiosulfate and 30mL of Water.
8. Repeat experiment 30mL of Sodium Thiosulfate and 20mL of Water.
9. Repeat experiment 40mL of Sodium Thiosulfate and 10mL of Water.
10. Repeat experiment 50mL of Sodium Thiosulfate and no Water.

Results 

10ml of thiosulfate and 40ml of water took 3:22 seconds to react
20ml of thiosulfate and 30ml of water took 1:58 seconds to react
30ml of thiosulfate and 20ml of water took 0:57 seconds to react
40ml of thiosulfate and 10ml of water took 0:52 seconds to react

Conclusion: In conclusion the more thiosulfate you add and less water it is quicker to react and the more water and less thiosulfate you add it takes longer to react.


Experiment 3: Observing the effect of surface area on reaction rate

Aim: To make the simple observations during a reaction between calcium carbonate (CaCO3) chips powder with hydrochloric acid (HCL).

Equipment: 

• Boiling tube 
• Calcium Carbonate chips 
• Calcium Carbonate powder
• Hydrochloric Acid
• Measuring cylinder
• Spatula 

Method: 

1. Measure 2mL of hydrochloric acid and pour this int your boiling tube.
2. Holding your boiling tube over a sink or heatproof mat, add a pea-sized amount of Calcium Carbonate powder  to your boiling tube. Record your observation. 
3. Repeat the experiment but this time use a chip of calcium carbonate that is roughly the same size as the spatula of powder you used previously. Record your observation. 

Observation of Calcium Carbonate powder: When the powder reacted with the acid it fizzed up and small bubbles appeared at the top.  

Observation of Calcium Carbonate chip: When the chip hit the acid tiny bubbles came up from the bottom. 

Conclusion: 



Experiment 4  Observing the effect of a catalyst on a chemical reaction

Aim: To observe the effects of a copper catalyst on he reaction between zinc and sulfuric acid.

Equipment: 

• Three test tubes
• test tube rack 
• 10ml measuring cylinder 
• dropping pipette 
• granulated zinc
• copper turnings or powder 
• dilute sulfuric acid 

Method 

1. Add roughly the same mass of zinc in test tubes 1 and 3 
2. Add roughly the same mass of copper to test tube 2 and 3 
3. Add 5 ml of the acid to test tube 1 note the rate and production of gas bubbles
4. Add 5 ml of acid to the test tube 2 note the rate and production of gas bubbles 
5. Add 5 ml of the acid to test tube 3 not the rate of production of gas bubbles 

Test tube 1: When both products reacted it bubbled and went cloudy. 

Test tube 2: When both products reacted s few bubbles a pared and the powder went to the top and then the powder turned clear. 

Test tube 3: The products bubbled a lot and it separated. 

Catalyst: It speeds up a chemical reaction

Purpose of test tube 2: It was to show what would happen with only copper and the acid, it didn't react. 

 The differences between the movie and book of The Strange Case Of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde.

Creative Writing

Sunset

Sunset- the day's final goodbye.The sky broke like an egg into full sunset as the lake caught fire. The glistening lake reflected the exquisite pinks, purples and tinges of orange that lined the sky. No cloud was in sight. It looked like something straight out of a painting. The hum of the young grey feathered birds was loud and the squealing giggles of small children made this place seem all too peaceful. Dogs ran around play fighting while wagging their tails in the air, huge grins spread across their faces. With the sunset fading and the tall buildings that were scattered around the city, what seemed like cold lifeless blocks of concrete, came to life and started to light up New York City. The light of  day was lost once again to the darkness.

Midnight  

As the clock struck 12 the only light source in the city came from the soulless dull concrete buildings, behind the now dark and mysterious lake. The hum of the birds stopped and no small children were in sight. This whistle of the old dying oak trees and swooshing of the brown crunchy leaves made it seem all too like a horror movie. The eerie darkness of the night never escapes your mind. The air was bitter with warmth nowhere in sight. The city was dark and silent. A pitch-black curtain draped over the sky as tiny stars scattered around it providing a sense of beauty in the darkness.

Sunrise

It was a brisk summer morning with a slight wind waving around the air. The air was crisp enough to send a slight shiver down your spine. Darkness had not long surrendered to the light. The sun rose out of the sky like a spirit rising out of a grave. The sky was ablaze with fiery reds, oranges and yellows. A light dew covered the fresh green grass surrounding the slightly fogged  lake. Sparrows chirped an explicit background melody. As the City started to awaken, the hum of the birds grew louder and the giggles of small children came back to life. The city was buzzing once again.

Victorian Freak Shows 

For centuries the word 'freak' has been used cruelly to describe people born with 'abnormal' features or those who are able to perform extraordinary physical acts by misshaping their bodies.

Reading logs

Reading log 6

Text Title: The Perks Of Being A Wallflower

Director: Stephen Chbosky

Text Type: Film

Submitted: 11 & 13/08/17

The Perks of Being a Wallflower

The Perks of Being a Wallflower is an American movie adapted from a book of the same name. This movie was directed and written by Stephen Choboksy. This movie follows a teenage boy named Charlie, Charlie is a freshman in high school who has problems with being shy because of mental issues he adapted - due to his aunt sexually abusing him when we was younger. He meets a boy named Patrick in his shop class and gets introduced to his step sister Sam later on at a football game. The three end up becoming good friends and they help Charlie overcome his social anxiety.

There are two scenes that use the quote "we accept the love we think we deserve", which had me thinking about how people view themselves and the amount of love that they think they're worth. There is a scene where Charlie asks his English teacher Mr Anderson "why do nice people chose the wrong people to date?" This is the scene where the quote first comes in to play, which makes the audience soon realise that Sam thinks she deserves a bad love because of the mistakes she has made in her past. This makes me feel sympathy and sadness towards Sam because of the mistakes she's made in that past that have forced her to think she has to settle with less love than she actually deserves. Another scene where the quote was used is; when Sam asked Charlie "why do I and everyone I love pick the people who treat us like we're nothing", to which Charlie responds " we accept the love we think we deserve". This is when Sam realized that she deserves more than the bad love she has previously been given and that her past mistakes don't define who she is. A lot of people can relate to this quote as they too think we accept the love we think we deserve, despite knowing that they can find a better love and deserve a better one too.

In this movie one of the main themes is manhood/coming of age, Charlies coming of a story involves getting him over the sexual assault he went through as a child. At least 1 in 5 girls and 1 in 20 boys are a victim of child sexual abuse in America, but is also very difficult to determine because it is not often reported. I find it absolutely disgusting that someone could do something that horrible to another human being, especially a child.

In conclusion The Perks Of Being A Wallflower deals with many different things and is still a very fun and heartwarming film that I would recommenced to anyone that hasn't seen it.

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Reading log 5 
Text Title: I Have A Dream
Author: Martin Luther King
Text Type: Written Text
Submitted: 10/8/17

I Have A Dream

I have a dream is a public speech delivered by American civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr, during the Washington for Jobs and Freedom March on August 28 1963 in which he calls for an end to racism in the USA and called for civil and economic rights. He delivered this speech to over 250,000 civil rights supporters on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. the speech was a defining movement in the civil rights movement. 

"But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination." This particular line from Martin Luther Kings speech "I have a dream", gave me an insight on how poorly people with darker skin were treated back in the day and some, to this day, still are. It breaks my heart to know that many decades ago black people were used and enslaved based on the colour of their skin. Despite African-Americans no longer being enslaved when Martin devolved his speech the racism never stopped, as the government was still finding ways to make Negros lives miserable through the Jim Crow laws, all because of the colour of their skin. This goes to show how small minded a government or group of people can be, they went out of their way to make other humans lives miserable because the colour of their skin was different and they believed it was okay.  

"This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality". This line influenced my understanding that all that the African-Americans wanted was Freedom from the torture that was their life and equality like every white man had. King's comparison of the seasons is to show the intensity of the black Americans push for equality to the heat of a hot summers day and if equality to reached the joy that will follow is comparable to fair autumn after the hot summer. Its disgusting to know that the Negros were used and worked so hard in such unfair conditions for 245 years because they had a different skin tone, although slavery was over for many decades before King's speech the Negros still did not have equality. After reading this speech, I began thinking about why people wanted to punish and discriminate people of dark skin tones. Many African-American/people of colour can relate to the discrimination and unfair justice that the Negros were put through because they had coloured skin

In conclusion I think that if you haven't heard or read the speech, I highly recommend taking the time to do so as it is a truly inspirational and moving speech that everyone should hear. 

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Reading log 4  
Text Title: The Fault In Our Stars
Author: John Green
Text Type: Novel
Submitted: 18/7/17

The Fault In Our Stars 

'The fault in out stars is a moving book written by John Green in 2012. It's about two teenagers that meet at a cancer kid support group, Hazel Grace who was diagnosed with lung cancer when she was 13 and Augustus Waters who was diagnosed with a rear bone cancer called osteosarcoma, and instantly form a friendship which soon turns into love but very tragically ends when Augustus waters dies.

This novel deals with the fear of oblivion and that fact that one day we will all die. This book is very touching because of the issues and feelings these two teenagers go through on top of the fact they they have a very high chance of dying, which is why it made this book so powerful. When Hazel first meets Augustus she is very hesitant about letting him into her life because she doesn't want to hurt him when she ends up dying, but in the end we all deserve to be happy no matter how short that happiness is. One of the most outstanding metaphor's in the book is one Hazel said "I'm like. like. I'm like a grenade, mom. I'm a grenade and at some point im going to blow up and i would like to minimize the casualties okay". Hazel referees to herself as a grenade because one day she is going to blow up, meaning the result of her death when talking about casualties she means the people that will be affected by her death, I can understand why Hazel is hesitant to let Augustus in at the start as she doesn't want anyone else to be effected by her death than there needs to be. This metaphor was used to make us see Hazel the way she sees her self, which makes the readers sympathetic and upset as she wants to isolate herself from the world. 

The cruel irony of this book is the fact that Augustus is the one who ends up dying first. Which is ironic because Hazel was the one that didn't want to hurt him, where as in the end  he ended up hurting her. One of Augustus's main quotes is "you don't get to chose if you get hurt in this world, but you do have some say in who hurts you'. This quote made me realize how true that statement is we put ourselves in these different situations that give others the power to hurt us and then get upset when they do, where as if we chose who hurts us it gives us the power to decide how much damage they do. One of Augustus agonizing issue is that he is captivated by being remembered and leaving a mark on the world, but in the end Hazel teaches him that it is more important to leave a mark on a person and he does that with her. I fully understand why Augustus was infatuated with leaving a mark on the world and wanting to be remembered as no one wants to die for nothing, but then its just as important if not more to help leave a mark and change someone for the better as they will always remember you.

Overall The Fault In Our Stars as its one of the best books i have ever read. The way John Green balances the sadness and and comedy makes this book an emotional roller coaster, which makes you get attached to the characters which every great book should. I highly recommenced this book as its worth the read to anyone that enjoys these types of novels.

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Reading log 3 

Text Title: The Duff 

Author: Kody Keplinger

Text Type: Novel

Submitted: 24/6/17

The Duff 

'The Duff' by Kody Keplinger is about a 17 year old high school student Bianca Piper who is cynical and loyal, she doesn't think she's the prettiest of her friend group. She also thinks she's way too smart to fall for the schools womanizer Wesley Rush. In fact Bianca hates him. When Wesley nicknames her "the duff" of her friend group (Designated Ugly, Fat,Friend), it plays on her mind mostly the rest of the book as well as other things. Things aren't great at home for Bianca with her parents going through a divorce and her mum traveling around the country with her job. She ends up desperate for a distraction and therefore kisses Wesley and liking it. Eager for escape Bianca ends up being in a 'friends with benefits' relationship with Wesley Rush, her and Wesley's relationship is very sexually based. Until it all goes wrong and turns out Wesley isn't such a bad listener, and his life is pretty screwed up too. Suddenly Bianca realizes with horror that shes falling for the guy she thought she hated and little does she know hes falling for her too and will do anything to prove it.

The characters in this text at times makes you feel a whole range of emotions for what Bianca and Wesley go through such as disgust, empathy, sadness and happiness. At the start Wesley goes over to Bianca at the bar in order to get closer to her (the duff) so that he looks good to her stunning friends Casey and Jessica.  Bianca asks Wesley what the duff is, Wesley tells her its an acronym for the Designated Ugly, Fat, Friend. Bianca is horrified as she already struggles with self esteem issues and this just makes her feel worse. She then throws her cherry coke over him and leaves. This part of the book made me repulsed by Wesley and made me feel sadness towards Bianca. Wesley downgraded Bianca and made her doubt her self confidence even more than she already did which is a pretty horrible thing to do. I can relate to this as many people have made me doubt my capabilities and my self confidence through out my life.

This book has a lot to do with change and shows how different types of people deal with it, and also makes the readers perspective change through out the book. For example one thing that really changed my perspective of Wesley was when he starts falling for Bianca we see this when he says "Wesley Rush doesn't chase girls but im chasing you". Wesley still said that in his cocky up him self way but a way in which he meant it. That is one of many lines that made me realize that Wesley isn't the bad person he is portrayed to be, yes he can be arrogant but deep down he is a good person and wants to show Bianca love but was never taught how too. Wesley then later goes on about why he thinks he really is starting to fall in love with Bianca. 

In conclusion i think this book is a really good read and i thoroughly enjoyed it, I ended it with a smile on my face and highly recommend it to anyone that enjoys these types of novels.

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Reading log 2 
Text title: 13 Reasons Why 
Director: Brian Yorkey
Text Type: TV Series
Submitted: 25/4/17

 13 Reasons Why 

13 Reasons Why is an american televisions series created by Brian Yorkey which is adapted from the 2007 novel Thirteen Reasons why by Jay Asher. The show revolves around a young teenage girl Named Hannah Baker who killed herself by slitting her wrists inside a running bathtub. Before Hannah dies she leaves behind 13 tapes, each tape holds a reason on why she committed suicide and tape is dedicated to someone that had something to do with her death. The tapes were given to the 13 people one by one they listened to them and passing them on until they had reached the last person. A few of the people on the tapes accused Hannah of lying but the truth is soon revealed, as 'why would a dead girl lie?'.

This show gave me an insight on how you never really know what someone is going through and what they are feeling until it's too late exactly like Hannah Baker. Hannah takes her own life as she thought no one cared enough for her to stay and in the end neither did she. So Hannah decided that no one would hurt her again. The first thing that triggered Hannah's suicide was a racy picture that got sent around the school which ended up labeling Hannah as the 'class slut' which was the beginning of the end for her. In the show Hannah is blamed for everything that happened to her when that is entirely wrong. It wasn't her fault that her friends left her or that she was stalked. It wasn't her fault that in freshman year she was put on a list for the best ass which ended up putting a target on her back. yet after all of this Hannah still wanted to believe that good people existed in the world. The final thing that pushed Hannah over the edge was her getting raped at a party inside a hot tub, which was entirely not Hannah's fault she didn't ask for it no one ever does. Which in the end was the final straw and what broke Hannah completely on the inside. Hannah couldn't change anything that lead up to her death. The writers didn't shy away from Hannah's suicide as they wanted it to be gut wrenching and hard to watch as suicide isn't painless and an easy thing to do. There is always room for hope but unfortunately Hannah and a lot of other people don't see that.

Once i had finished the show and the extra episode called behind the reasons (which is where the cast and writers talk about the show and everything that happens on it.) Brian Yorkey said that "as a society we tend to shy away from tough topics like bullying, rape and suicide" and I  agree with that. Us as a society need to recognize it and start doing something about it. He also said that "teenage brains don't work the same way adult brains do as trauma and pain feel like they're going to last for ever and I think that we forget that sometimes", which i completely agree with. As a lot of adults tend to trivialize things that aren't so trivial to us teenagers. The show relates to a lot of people in the world as they to have gone through or are going through things very similar things Hannah Baker did.

In conclusion i think that this show has such a powerful and meaningful message behind it that needs to be talked about more often than it is. I highly recommend this show to adults and teenagers all around world. As it faces so many true reality's that people face today and may even give them the courage to come forward about what they have or are going through.

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Reading log 1 
Title: The Milgram Experiment
Text type: Article
Author: Saul McLeod
Submitted: 31/3/17

  The Milgram Experiment 

"The Milgram Experiment" by Saul McLeod is a nonfictional article about one of the most famous studies of obedience in psychology was carried out by Stanley Milgram in 1963. Stanley Milgram was a psychologist at Yale university. That conducted an experiment focusing on the conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience.

The experiment started in July 1961 a year after the trial of Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem. Milgram come up with the experiment to answer the question "could it be that Eichmann and his million accomplices in the holocaust were just following orders?. Milgrim wanted to know how far someone would go in obeying an instruction if it involved hurting another person. The results were that ordinary people are more likely to follow orders from an authority figure. People tend to obey orders from other people if they recognize them as morally right or legally based.

This article got me thinking about why people would administer pain to others or go through it themselves just because someone of authority told them too. This article gave me an insight into how obedient humans can be when under the influence of a authority figure. In the experiment there was a learner, a teacher and an experimenter. For instance when the teacher refused to administer a shock the experimenter was to give a series of orders (called "prods") to ensure they continued. The idea behind the whole experiment was to know "could it be that Eichmann and his million accomplices in the holocaust were just following orders?.

In conclusion I think this experiment was a success in testing how willing a person is to obey authority. This article got me thinking about how far someone would actually go to obey authority, like would they risk their life or another's just to follow someones orders. The part of the article that got me thinking this was that 65% of participants ("teachers") continued to the highest level of 450 volts. As where all of the other participants only continued to 300 volts.